after the six-year production period), should not be considered high, compared with 17-55% loss of plants following the three-year cultivation in conventional production model conducted in Italy (Bezzi and Aiello, 1993), or with 16% loss of plants following the six-year cultivation with film application conducted at the same experimental locality in Serbia (Radanović et al., 2016). The total 7.2% loss of plants, observed prior to the harvest (i.e. In subsequent four production years, the planting density kept slowly decreasing, so at the end of 3 rd, 4 th, 5 th, and 6 th vegetation, the preserved average planting densities were 96.5%, 95.3%, 93.9% and 92.8%, respectively. Presented data support application of physical methods of weeds control in cultivated crops and suggest them as efficient for use in cultivation of medicinal plants. In this article, experiences with various biodegradable mulches (straw, chopped newspapers, biodegradable and photodegradable films, gravel and compost) are well described, with a special attention devoted to their use in cultivation of medicinal plants. Therefore, a great attention should be paid when selecting the most appropriate living mulch for the purpose of weed suppression in any specific cultivation.
In addition, apart from the weeds, living cover crop at the same time also suppress the main crop. Physical methods of weed control can cause both, positive and negative effects they certainly influence weed suppression leading to a higher yield of cultivated herbs and vegetables but if applied as living mulches in a main crop production, they compete for essential resources. In addition, they use to be biodegradable and with no harmful effects on environment. The main benefits of organic mulches are that they can be collected from the nature, thus providing cheaper crop production. Mulching might be performed either by the use of biodegradable mulching materials or by various mulch films. They belong to integrated non-chemical weed management strategies and are very useful in organic farming. Physical methods for weeds suppression in cultivation encompass many methods but our article focuses on application of various mulches. Application of bPE had a lower positive effect on YG root yield than control (-18.6%-54.95%), whereas the effect of sPE was higher than the bPE and control the achieved root yields were higher, 29.7% and 70.6%, respectively. In addition, application of the bPB film proved to be the most effective treatment in the fifth and sixth year root yields per m2 increased by 92.3% and 106.0%, respectively, in comparison to bPE, and by 78.9% and 69.2%, respectively, in comparison to sPE, and by 184.4% and 169.6%, respectively, in comparison to control. The highest crop density measured prior to the root harvest (sixth year), was obtained in the plot with bPB film (84%), while in the plot with bPE and in control (without mulch) number of plants was reduced by 34.2% and 45%, respectively.
#CRACK COFESHOW TRIAL#
Field trial with yellow gentian was established (11.1 plants per m2) at 1004 m.a.s.l., in order to assess the effect of black PE (bPE), silver PE (sPE), and black permeable biodegradable (bPB) mulching films on the root yield and development during six years.
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